How many types of bearings are used in navigation?

In navigation, there are three primary types of bearings used to determine the direction of a target relative to a point of reference. These are:

1. True Bearing: This type of bearing is measured in degrees from true north, which is based on the Earth's geographic North Pole. It provides a standardized method for navigation and is essential for accurate chart plotting.

2. Magnetic Bearing: This indicates the direction to a target relative to magnetic north, which is influenced by the Earth's magnetic field. Navigators often use magnetic bearings in conjunction with a magnetic compass, which can be affected by local magnetic variations known as declination.

3. Relative Bearing: This type is measured in degrees from the ship's current heading, meaning it indicates the direction of a target concerning the vessel's orientation. Relative bearings are useful for immediate navigation tasks, especially in close quarters where situational awareness is critical.

These three types of bearings allow navigators to determine their position and the position of other objects effectively, ensuring safe and accurate navigation at sea.