Which properties of waveguides do air dielectrics enhance?

Air dielectrics enhance the high-frequency performance of waveguides primarily due to their lower dielectric loss compared to solid dielectrics. At higher frequencies, the presence of a conductive medium can introduce significant attenuation in signal transmission. Air, having a very low relative permittivity, minimizes this attenuation, allowing for more effective signal propagation in waveguides designed for high-frequency applications.

Additionally, using air as a dielectric helps maintain the integrity of the waveguide's structure, ensuring that the electromagnetic waves can travel through with improved efficiency and less distortion. This is especially crucial for systems that operate within microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies, where maintaining signal fidelity is essential for effective communication and radar systems. The other properties mentioned do not relate directly to the advantages provided by air dielectrics in waveguide technology.